By Sam Subramanian [ 25/10/2006 ]
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Equity mutual funds perform differently in different time periods as investment styles and sectors come in and go out of favor. While screening tools readily provide performance data and make the task of identifying top mutual funds relatively easy, there is more to constructing an all-weather portfolio than screening for the top funds.

This article describes methods of constructing an all-weather portfolio. Before getting into the nitty-gritty of constructing an all-weather portfolio, it helps to know how equity mutual funds are classified and how their performance is impacted by market conditions.

Classification by Market Capitalization & Style

Equity funds are commonly classified based on market capitalization of the companies in which they invest their assets and investment style.

Market capitalization is divided into three categories: large, medium, and small. Investment style likewise is divided into three categories: value, growth, and blend.

Combining both types of classifications, equity mutual funds typically fall into one of nine boxes on a 3 x 3 matrix. This classification system works well in analyzing diversified funds.

Classification by Sector & Industry Group

Instead of dividing the equity market by market capitalization and investment characteristics such as value or growth, an alternative way is to slice it by sectors. The Global Industry Classification System jointly developed by Standard & Poor’s and Morgan Stanley Capital International, for example, classifies the equity market into ten sectors, such as financials and information technology. Each sector in turn is divided into several industry groups. This classification system is particularly useful for analyzing sector funds that invest their assets in a given sector like information technology or industry group like computer hardware.

Impact of Business Cycle

The net asset value per share of a fund changes in response to the prices of stocks held in its portfolio. Generally speaking, stock prices are impacted by business conditions. The business cycle has various phases to it: Recovery, Boom, Slowdown, and Recession. Different parts of the stock market as seen from market capitalization, style, or sector perspectives perform differently in different phases of the business cycle.

Impact on Diversified Funds

Growth style funds, in general, fare well during expansion phases such as recovery and boom, and value style funds during contraction phases such as slowdown and recession. Likewise, from a capitalization perspective, small cap funds tend to perform better during expansion and large cap funds during contraction.

Looking at the most recent boom-bust cycle, Spectra Fund, a large cap-growth fund, was among the star performers during the 1997-1999 boom. Spectra gained 141% during the three-year period ending October 31, 1999. However, Spectra fared poorly during the 2000-2002 slowdown and lost 52% during the two-year period ending October 31, 2002.

In complete contrast, Hotchkis & Wiley Small Cap Value Fund, which failed to participate in the 1997-1999 boom, was among the top funds during the 2000-2002 slowdown. Following the 30% loss for the two-year period ending June 30, 2000, Hotchkis gained 88% during the two-year period ending June 30, 2002.

Impact on Sector Funds

Like diversified funds, certain sector funds tend to perform better during some phases of the business cycle. Sector funds that invest in economically sensitive sectors such as technology typically tend to perform better during expansion phases. Sector funds that invest in economically less sensitive sectors like consumer staples typically tend to perform better during contraction phases. As a result, a sector fund that performs best in one time-period may not perform as well in another time-period.

Among the 41 Fidelity sector funds, Fidelity Select Energy Services was the top fund in 2005 with a 54% gain. However in 2003, the same fund gained just 8% to be the worst performer.

Constructing an All-Weather Portfolio

Can one select the top fund by knowing what stage the business cycle is in? Unfortunately, things do not get that easy.

Getting the turning points of the business cycle right is less than a science. Although certain styles and sectors are expected to do better during particular stages of the business cycle, there is no certainty they will do so each time. Additionally, stock prices tend to anticipate and lead the business cycle. The performance of a fund therefore usually varies from one economic cycle to another.

So, rather than chase the top funds, a prudent course is to construct a robust, all-weather portfolio.

A) Constructing with Diversified Funds

One way to construct an all-weather portfolio is to use diversified funds that emphasize different types of market capitalizations and investment styles. To simplify the task, one may construct a portfolio using a large cap-growth fund, a large cap-value fund, a small cap-growth fund, and a small cap-value fund.

In evaluating funds in each category, focus on the long-term track record and see how the funds have fared in different market environments. Complement this by evaluating each fund on non-performance-based metrics such as manager tenure, price volatility or risk, mutual fund fees, and mutual fund fiduciary grade. Choose the best available fund in each category and build your portfolio with managers of a ‘dream team’ caliber.

Alternatively, if you want to restrict yourself to only one fund to start with, you may consider a total market index fund which spans all capitalizations and styles.

B) Constructing with Sector Funds

Sector funds can also be used to construct an all-weather portfolio. This approach offers the advantage of creating customized diversified portfolios by including sectors and industry groups which are likely to outperform the market indexes and excluding those which are likely to under-perform.

The reward potential can be enhanced by concentrating in a few sectors or industry groups. Diversification across several sectors and industry groups serves to mitigate risk. By optimizing the balance between concentration and diversification, one can achieve superior nominal and risk-adjusted returns.

The AlphaProfit Core model portfolio exemplifies this approach. Over the 33 month period from September 30, 2003 to June 30, 2006, the AlphaProfit Core model portfolio gained 57% compared to 39% for Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index.

Key Points

1. There are no top mutual funds for all times and climes.
2. A prudent course is to build a robust, all-weather portfolio.
3. Diversified funds as well as sector funds can be used to construct an all-weather portfolio.

Notes: This report is for information purposes only. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities or to give individual investment advice. This report does not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation, and particular needs of any specific person who may receive this report.

Source: http://www.Free-Articles-Zone.com

By Mansi gupta

The popularity gained overtime and the ever-increasing crowd of investors in the Hedge Fund industry has augmented the need for higher degree of regulation in the hedge fund market.


Hedge funds are very similar to mutual funds except that there are fewer regulations on hedge funds. As a result hedge funds require a much larger investment. Hedge funds are very reticent, that is, they are private, between individuals, and do not have to be made known to the government or other companies. This allows hedge funds to be free from the regulations that mutual funds have to adhere to. Because of this large companies move undisclosed amounts of money and gain significantly without authorities noticing. This reticent nature of hedge funds makes them look suspicious and leads to many apprehensions in the minds of the investors, such as; these funds are unethical, speculative and risky. Also their high price tag and the extravagant amount of money required for their initial purchase makes people think that the investors are being hood winked into putting money into these funds. Only ensuring high levels of transparency in the working of the hedge fund industry so that an investor knows exactly where his money is going can clear these apprehensions.

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Moreover, better regulation will produce more accountable hedge fund managers in future and the investors would be able to simply research the background of a hedge fund manager before entrusting their money into his hands.


Another negative aspect of the non-regulation of hedge funds is that there are no official hedge fund statistics. Most hedge fund holders are large companies and hence, little is known about their financial movements. Hedge funds are based in offshore jurisdictions, making them look even more suspicious. For instance, unlike mutual funds that have a base in large cities like New York, hedge funds are based in places like Bermuda, Cayman Islands, and the Virgin Islands.


Hedge funds also have a higher failure rate than traditional funds. Many of them fail by the second or third year of operation. It has been estimated that about 5.7% of the existing 8500 hedge funds closed in 2005. This vulnerability to quick falls that can be detrimental and can lead to sudden losses can be brought down with the help of regulations.


In London, the techniques used for the hedge funds operating from there, have bothered the Financial Services Authority. Hence, to check the functioning of this industry, the FSA has now decided to start regulating hedge funds and their managers. Also, a special hedge fund unit has been set up to determine how the London hedge fund industry which has been estimated at £500-billion, can be controlled better.


However, the Canadian Securities Administrators that is the umbrella organization for Canada’s provincial securities commissions has decided that the currently existing rules for investment vehicles are sufficient to regulate the burgeoning Canadian hedge fund industry (a $30-billion industry). This implies that no additional rules and regulations would be laid down specifically for hedge funds in Canada.


Thus, with the proper regulations in place, the clouds of suspicion and uncertainty that are hovering over the hedge fund industry will certainly clear up and would pave the way for a much safer hedge fund market that would attract a larger number of investors.

Source: http://www.Free-Articles-Zone.com

By Properties mls

Finance Ministry has told the capital markets watchdog Sebi (Securities and Exchange Board of India) to take a final view on allowing mutual funds to unveil schemes which could invest in real estate. Media reports, quoting officials, said Sebi was of the view that there were legal constraints in opening up, considering that investment in real estate was not a permissible activity. However, the government has said that like in the case of gold, Sebi’s regulations could be amended to allow mutual funds to launch real estate schemes. Real estate mutual funds invest in projects directly, to develop real estate. This could be in the form of investments in the securities issued by such companies or in securitised assets.

Experts say Sebi’s move may lead to the formation of real-estate investment trusts in India. A real estate investment trust is a mutual fund that buys a real estate project and is close-ended and listed. If the project has a rental revenue model, that is, it is leased out and REITs continues to own it, the fund is treated as a debt fund and if it’s sold off, that is, the ownership changes hands, it’s treated like an equity fund. Worldwide, REITs account for more than $ 1 trillion in assets.

Some real-estate companies believed to be interested in setting up real-estate trusts are RNA, Pantaloon, Piramals, HDFC and L&T.

Another interesting recent development is that Sebi has approved the proposals of some 20 venture capital funds (VCFs) to invest in real estate in India.

Real estate VCs attract funding from three sources — domestic institutional investors and banks, which account for 50-60 per cent of the funds raised; corporate houses and high networth individuals, which account for 20-30 per cent of the investment; and NRIs and PIOs who chip in with another 20 per cent.

Source: http://www.Free-Articles-Zone.com